Adjective list
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Los comparativos sirven justamente para comparar una misma cualidad o característica en dos sustantivos.
Por ejemplo, en la frase "a small shirt" (una camisa chica), small es un adjetivo. Para comparar este objeto con otro, se usa el adjetivo comparativo, "a smaller shirt" (una camisa más chica).
Para formar el comparativo, se deben seguir las siguientes reglas:
- Se agrega al adjetivo "er" o "r", si ya termina en "e".
small - smaller - Si la palabra termina en vocal + consonante, se duplica la consonante.
big - bigger - Si termina en "y" se cambia por "ier".
happy - happier
Cuando el adjetivo tiene más de tres sílabas, el comparativo se forma usando la palabra "more" adelante.
expensive - more expensive
careful - more careful
careful - more careful
Para comparar dos objetos en una oración, se agrega "than".
This shirt is smaller than that shirt.Esta camisa es más chica que aquella camisa.
Los superlativos sirven para referirse a sustantivos que son los únicos que presentan una cualidad que los diferencia del resto.
Como vimos, en la frase "a small shirt" (una camisa chica), small es un adjetivo. Si todas las demás camisas son grandes, se puede comparar usando el superlativo "the smallest shirt" (la camisa más chica). Siempre se agrega "the" adelante.
PARA FORMAR EL SUPERLATIVO, SE DEBEN SEGUIR LAS SIGUIENTES REGLAS:
- Se agrega al adjetivo "est" o "st", si ya termina en "e".
small - the smallest - Si la palabra termina en vocal + consonante, se duplica la consonante.
big - the biggest - Si termina en "y" se cambia por "iest".
happy - the happiest
Cuando el adjetivo tiene más de tres sílabas, el superlativo se forma usando las palabras "the most" adelante.
expensive - the most expensive
careful - the most careful
careful - the most careful
Existen ciertos adjetivos con comparativos y superlativos irregulares. La única forma de aprenderlos es memorizarlos.
One-syllable Adjectives
To form the comparative, we add -er to the end of the adjective.
To form the superlative, we add -est to the end of the adjective.
Adjective
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
small
|
smaller
|
the smallest
|
cold
|
colder
|
the coldest
|
light
|
lighter
|
the lightest
|
short
|
shorter
|
the shortest
|
Remember that comparatives are often followed by than.
- London is bigger than Santiago.
- Mike is taller than John but James is the tallest.
Two-syllable Adjectives ending in -Y
To form the comparative, we remove the -y and add -ier to the end of the adjective.
To form the superlative, we remove the -y and add -iest to the end of the adjective.
Adjective
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
crazy
|
crazier
|
the craziest
|
happy
|
happier
|
the happiest
|
early
|
earlier
|
the earliest
|
- It was the happiest day of my life.
- My joke was funnier than your one.
Adjectives with Two or more Syllables
For Adjectives with 2 syllables (that don't end in -y) and higher (3, 4 syllables etc), we use more for comparatives and the most for superlatives.
Adjective
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
handsome
|
more handsome
|
the most handsome
|
nervous
|
more nervous
|
the most nervous
|
enthusiastic
|
more enthusiastic
|
the most enthusiastic
|
- My girlfriend is more beautiful than yours.
- Alex is more intelligent than you but I am the most intelligent.
Irregular Forms
Adjective
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
good
|
better
|
the best
|
bad
|
worse
|
the worst
|
far
|
further / farther
|
the furthest / farthest
|
- I am a better tennis player than you but Marcelo is the best.
- Steve is a worse liar than me but Adrian is the worst.
Note: Further / farther, furthest / farthest are all used for distance.
Only Further / furthest are used to mean 'additional' or 'more advanced'.
- Puerto Montt is further / farther than Valdivia is from here (in Santiago).
- If you require further information, please contact reception.
Remember that the opposites of 'more' and 'most' are 'less' and 'least', respectively.
MORE EXAMPLES
EXERCISES
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES
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